XPS

In an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, electrons are excited by X-rays so strongly that they leave their atoms and ultimately exit the sample surface (XPS-Flyer.pdf). The energy of these photoelectrons is measured and used to calculate their binding energy, enabling a qualitative and quantitative determination of the chemical composition in the top 5 to 10 nm of the surface.

With this technique, all elements except hydrogen and helium can be detected, and their binding states can be analysed. The detection limit is approximately 0.1 at%, corresponding to about 1 ng/cm² on the sample surface.

Our spectrometer is suitable for all standard analyses and is particularly notable for its ability to investigate micrometre-sized structures from 5 µm.

ISO 14606
ISO 15472
ISO 19318
ISO 20903
ASTM E1078

Quality assurance: Cleanliness of surfaces
Analysis of discolorations / stains / impurities
Analysis of chemical surface modifications
Analysis of coatings

Trace analysis: Identification of chromium-6 / Cr(VI)
Determination of the surface composition of medical devices (organic as well as inorganic substances), as recommended in ISO 10993-18 and ASTM F2847.

Small measuring ranges of Ø 5 - 200 μm for analyzing spots or small structures on the surface.
Detailed spectra for more precise chemical analysis of selected elements.
Angle-resolved measurement of tilted samples to determine the depth distribution in the uppermost 10 nm.
Depth profile of sputtered areas to determine the depth distribution between 10 nm and 1 μm.
Imaging XPS element distribution images or images of oxidation states with a lateral resolution starting at 5 μm.
Contact us for further possibilities.

What are suitable samples for this method?

We can analyze all vacuum-resistant metallic (including magnetic) and non-metallic solids and powders.

What do I need to bear in mind with the samples?

Specimen specifications:

Sample size is max. 80 x 80 x 10 mm or 40 x 40 x 20 mm. Larger samples can be cut to smaller samples.
Cleanly packed, we recommend in aluminum foil

How many measuring points should be analyzed?

We generally recommend 3 measurements, e.g. 3 measurements on one spot and 3 next to it as a reference. This ensures that the results are statistically relevant.